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Tuesday, May 25, 2010
The Five Kingdoms of Classification
Kingdom Animalia
Examples: insects, birds, fish, worms, jellyfish.
Traits: multicellular, feed off of living things.
Kingdom Plantae
Examples: mosses, trees, flowers.
Traits: stationary (is not portable, attached to the ground), breathes carbon dioxide, breathes out oxygen.
Four main groups of plants:
-Non-vascular plants (mosses, hornworts, liverworts)
-ferns
-conifers
-flowering plants
Protista
Examples: algae, paramecia
Traits: most are unicellular, contain a nucleus.
Monera
Examples: bacteria
Traits: are unicellular, have the most basic cell structure.
Fungi
Examples: yeast, mushrooms
Traits: live off of other living things, usually multicellular.
French Verb Test Notes
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Chapter 2 Vocab
Test date: Friday, May 28, 2010.
The Five Main Classes of Vertebrates
-fish
-amphibians
-reptiles
-birds
-mammals
The Five Kingdoms of Organisms
-Fungi
-Animalia
-Monera
-Protista
-Plantae
classification system - a scientific system used to sort and group organisms.
unicellular - consisting of one single cell.
multicellular - consisting of more than one cell.
cell membrane - a thin covering around an entire cell that acts as a gatekeeper by controlling which materials move into and out of the cell.
nucleus - the 'brain' of a cell, controlling its growth and movement.
chloroplasts - the part of the plant cell that holds the chlorophyll.
chlorophyll - a chemical produced inside of a plant that makes the plant green.
vertebrates - organisms that have a spine. (e.g) cows, dogs, humans, fish.
invertebrates - organisms that do not have a spine. (e.g.) jellyfish, worms.
micro-organisms - organisms that can only be seen under a microscope.
kingdoms - the five categories of living things.
species - organisms capable of breeding together and having fertile offspring.
Saturday, May 8, 2010
Adjectives
Athletic - sportif
Brave - courageux
Friendly - amical
Funny - drole
Hard-working - travailleur
Interesting - interessant
Kind - gentil
Open-minded - sans prejuges
Outgoing - ouvert
Patient - patient
Modest - modeste
Sad - triste
Smart - intelligent
Etre Conjugation
Etre - To be
Tu es - you are
Il est - he is
Elle est - she is
Nous sommes - we are
Vous etes - they are (plural)
Ills sont - they are (masc)
Elles sont - they are (fem)
Rules for Conjugating ER Verbs
To conjugate an ER verb, the following rules apply:
Step 1: take off the ER in the verb. (e.g. lancer becomes lanc)
Step 2: add on the proper ending for how you are going to say or write the verb.
Je - ends in "e" (lance - I throw)
Tu - ends in "es" (lances - you throw)
Il/Elle - ends in "e" (lance - he/she throws)
Nous - ends in "ons" (lancons - we throw)
Vous - ends in "ez" (lancez - they throw [plural])
Ils/Elles - ends in "ent" (lancent - they throw masc/fem)
ER Verbs
Here are the basic ER verbs I learned in French class:
danser - to dance
manger - to eat
monter - to go up
jouer - to play
lancer- to throw
tomber - to fall
telephoner - to phone
sauter - to jump
pleurer - to cry
porter - to carry
travailler - to work
etudier - to study
parler - to speak
ecouter - to listen
aimer - to love
fermer - to close
debarquer - to debark / get out
donner - to give
regarder - to look at
nager - to swim
fumer - to smoke
marcher - to walk
entrer - to come in
acheter - to buy
chercher - to look for
rester - to stay
dester - to hate
dessiner - to draw
voyager - to travel
aider - to help
arriver - to arrive
habiter - to live at
Friday, May 7, 2010
Body Parts
Mouth - la bouche
Hand - la main
Head - la tete
Feet - les pied
Eyes - les yeux
Ears -les orielles
Nose - le nez
Belly Button - le nombril
Finger - le doigt
Leg - la jambe
Knee - le genou
Arm - le bras
Teeth - les dents
Lips - les levres
Wrist - le poignet
Toes - les orteils
Shoulders -les epaules
Stomach - le stomac
Hair - le cheveux
Heel - le talon
Elbow - le coude
Neck - le cou
Weather (sentences)
It's a beautiful day. - Il fait beau.
It's hot. - Il fait chaud.
It's cold. - Il fait froids.
It's cool. - Il fait frais.
It's raining. - Il pleut.
It's snowing. - Il neige.
It's windy. - Il fait du vent.
It's sunny. - Il fait du soleil.
It's cloudy. - C'est nuageux.
It's foggy. - Il fait du brouillard.
Months of the Year/Les mois de l'annee
January - janvier
February - fevrier
March - mars
April - avril
May - mai
June - juin
July - juillet
August - aout
September - septembre
October - octobre
November - novembre
December - decembre
Days of the Week/Les jour de la semaine
Monday - lundi
Tuesday - mardi
Wednesday - mercredi
Thursday - jeudi
Friday - vendredi
Saturday - samedi
Sunday - dimanche
Note: in French, days of the week are not capitalized.
School
Pen - le stilo
Pencil - le crayon
Chalk - la craie
Eraser - la gomme
Paper - le papier
Teacher's Desk - un bereau
Book - le livre
To do's - les devoirs
Notebook - le cahier
Principal - le directeur
Door - la porte
Window - la fenetre
Teacher - le professeur
Ruler - la regle
Student - l'etudiant
Scissors - les ciseaux
Paints - les/la peinture
Stapler - une agrafeuse
Calculator - une calculatrice
Chair - une chaise
Chalkboard Brush - une brosse
Flashcard - une carte
Cassette- une cassette
Glue - de la colle
Screen - un ecron
Wastebasket - une corbeille/une poubelle
Dictionary - un dictionnaire
Bookshelf - une etagere/de bibliotheque
Report Cover - un acetate
Tack - une epingle
Map - une carte-eclair
Student's desk - le pupitre
Scotch tape - le scotch
Bell - la sonnerie
Paintbrush - le pinceau
Clock - la pendule
Thursday, May 6, 2010
Aller
Je vais - I am going
Tu vas - you are going (singular)
Il va - he is going
Elle va - she is going
Nous allons - we are going
Vous allez - you are going (plural)
Ils vont - they are going (masculin)
Elles vont - they are going (feminin)
Telling Time
Quelle heure est-il? What time is it?
3:45 - Il est frois heure quarant cinq. (It is three hours forty-five mins) /
6:10 - Il est six heures dix. (It is six hours ten minutes.)
Il est (number of hours) heures (number of minutes)
Il est sept heures quinze (7:15)
12:00PM - instead of saying Il est douze heures, you say Il est minuit. ( it is midnight. )
12:00AM - instead of saying Il est douze heures, you say Il est midi. ( it is midday).
12:30AM - Il est midi trente.
12:30PM - Il est minuit trente.
Space Exploration
thrust - an upward force
Canadarm - a robotic manipulator arm developed by the Canadian Space Agency, along with the Canadarm 2, that is controlled by astronauts inside the space shuttle to move and repair objects in space.
ISS - acronym for International Space Station.
life-support systems - a system that helps astronauts to survive in space. (e.g.) allowing them to breathe in space.
spinoff - an everyday use of technology that came off of another part of technology or project, e.g. space exploration.
satellite - an object in space that revolves around Earth.
RADARSAT - a satellite used by scientists to take pictures of the Earth to study it.
It is crucial for astronauts to exercise because with lack of gravity in Outer Space, muscles become weaker and expand. Medical experiments are conducted in space because without lack of gravity, substances mix together easier, and crystals are grown faster and better.
Exploration Spinoffs. Some examples of space exploration spinoffs are barcodes, scanning equipment, and cell phones. For example, we are now able to use cell phones because they require satellites. Without space exploration, satellites would never have been invented and mobile phones would not be used today.
Extreme Environments
An extreme environment is an environment where an organism that can't or can with difficulty survive. The five known extreme environments are: polar regions, deserts, oceans, volcanoes and outer space.
Polar Regions
-in order to survive in polar regions, humans use insulation, a material that traps heat from going out into the environment in order to survive as well as snow houses or igloos, snow sleds, snow shoes, parkas, and oil lamps. These were all invented by the Inuit or formerly known as Eskimo people.
- it is a challenge to survive in polar regions because of the extreme temperatures.
Deserts
-deserts aren't necessarily hot; a desert is a place with extreme temperatures.
-it is a challenge to survive in deserts because of the extreme temperatures.
Oceans
-humans have developed technology that can be used underwater to explore oceans, such as RADAR, Radio Detection and Ranging, SONAR, SOund Navigation And Ranging, and SCUBA, an acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
-it is a challenge to survive underwater because of the lack of air and because of the water pressure increasing the farther down you go.
buoyancy - the ability to float.
water pressure - the application on force by water that increases by depth.
Volcanoes
-volcanoes are a danger to humans because of their being unpredictable, and their extreme temperatures.
Outer Space
-it is a challenge to explore and survive in Outer Space because of extreme temperatures, and lack of air.
People explore extreme environments in the hopes of finding new places to live, understanding human's past, discovering new species, finding new resources, and to understand and protect our world.
Canada has contributed to space exploration by inventing the Newt Suit, which enable divers to move more agilely under water, and the Deep Worker, a submersible vehicle that can take pictures and samples of the ocean.
Electricity Flowing in a Circuit
Current Electricity - electricity that is produced by the flow of electrons along a circuit.
Electric Current - the flow of electrons in a current.
Circuit - where electrons flow through. Must contain: a source of electricity, like a battery, a pathway for electrons to flow through, like a wire and an electrical device such as a light bulb.
Direct Current - an electric current that flows in one direction only.
Voltage - the force batteries use to push electrons through a circuit.
Conductors - materials that let electricity flow through them easily.
Electrical Device - an appliance that changes electricity into heat, light, etc. For example, a light bulb or a toaster.
Closed Circuit - when a circuit is complete and can run through a full pathway.
Open Circuit - when a circuit is incomplete and cannot flow.
Series Circuit - a circuit that has only one pathway for the energy to flow.
Parallel Circuit - a circuit that has many ways for the energy to flow.
Parts of an Atom
Neutron - the part of the atom that carries no electric charge.
Proton - the part of the atom that carries a positive charge.
Electron - the part of the atom that carries a negative charge.
Ion - an atom that has lost one or more electrons, making it positively or negatively charged (cation), or has gained a few, making it negatively charged (anion).
Molecule - when atoms join together in order to exist, a molecule is formed.
Ionic bond - since atoms are only stable if they have a full set of electrons, they bond with others to form molecules and to stabilize themselves.
Circles
Diameter - a line going across the circle, dividing it into two equal halves.
Radius - a line measuring from the middle of the circle to the outside; half of the diameter.
Circumference - the distance, or perimeter around a circle found by diameter x pi.
Area - the amount of square units inside a designated space.
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Geometry Formulas
Key
c = circumference
d = diameter
pi = 3.14
r = radius
b = base
h = height
a = area
/ = divide by
x = multiply
Formulas
d x pi = c
2r = d
2r x pi = c
d/2 = r
c/pi/2 = r
c/pi = d
a = pi x r x r.
bh = a
Area of a triangle: bh/2
Dividing Decimals
When dividing a decimal number [(e.g.) 5.6], these rules apply.
Dividing by 10
-move the decimal one space left
Dividing by 100
-move the decimal two spaces left
Dividing by 1000
-move the decimal three spaces left
Dividing by 0.1
-add one zero to the number or move the decimal one space to the right
Dividing by 0.01
-add two zeros to the dividend or move the decimal two spaces to the right.
Dividing by 0.001
-add three zeros to the dividend or move the decimal three spaces to the right.
Integer Rules
These rules apply to any operation done with integers such as multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division. The product, sum, difference or quotient will still be the same, just positive or negative according to the notes below.
-(+) x (+) = (+). (e.g.) (+5) = (+7) = (+12).
- (+) x (-) = (-).
- (-) x (-) = (+).
Divisibility Rules
Divisible by 1:
-all numbers are divisible by one.
-if the number is even
-if the number ends in an even number or zero.
Divisible by 3:
-If the sum of all digits in the number is divisible by three.
Divisible by 4:
-if the last two digits in a number are divisible by four.
Divisible by 5:
-if the number ends in zero or five.
Divisible by 6:
-if the number is divisible by both two and three.
Divisible by 8:
-if the last three digits are divisible by eight.
Divisible by 9:
-if the sum of all digits is divisible by nine.
Divisible by 10:
-if the number ends in zero.
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
French Meals
Breakfast - Le petit De'jeuner
Lunch - Le De'jeuner
Dinner - Le diner
Appetizers - Les hours-d'oeures
Desserts - les desserts
Beverages - Le boissons
Food - Part 1
Potato - une pomme de terre
Milk - du lait
Mustard - de la moutarde
Sandwich - un sandwich
Water - l'eau
Cake - du gateau
Bread - du pain
Grapefruit - du pamplemousse
Cheese - du fromage
Lettuce - de la laitue
Pineapple - de l'ananas
Soup - de la soupe
Fried Egg - une coque
Pancakes - des crepes
Hamburger - un hamburger
Hot Dog - un hot-dog
Fish - un poisson
Pizza - une pizza
Shrimp - des crevettes
Avoir (To Have)
J'ai faime - I'm hungry
J'ai mange - I eat
J'ai saif - I'm thirsty
Je bois - to drink
J'ai sommeil - I am tired
Tu as raiso - you are right
Tu as tort - you are wrong
J'ai peur - I'm scared
J'ai onze ans - I'm eleven years old
J'ai fini - I am finished
J'ai chaud - I'm hot
J'ai frois - I'm cold
Avoir Conjugation
Avoir - To Have
J'ai - I have
Tu as - you have
Elle as - she has
Il as - he has
Nous avons - we have
Vous avez - you have (plural)
Ils ont - they have (masculin)
Elles ont - they have (feminin)
