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Showing posts with label Science Notes. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Science Notes. Show all posts
Tuesday, May 25, 2010
The Five Kingdoms of Classification
Kingdom Animalia
Examples: insects, birds, fish, worms, jellyfish.
Traits: multicellular, feed off of living things.
Kingdom Plantae
Examples: mosses, trees, flowers.
Traits: stationary (is not portable, attached to the ground), breathes carbon dioxide, breathes out oxygen.
Four main groups of plants:
-Non-vascular plants (mosses, hornworts, liverworts)
-ferns
-conifers
-flowering plants
Protista
Examples: algae, paramecia
Traits: most are unicellular, contain a nucleus.
Monera
Examples: bacteria
Traits: are unicellular, have the most basic cell structure.
Fungi
Examples: yeast, mushrooms
Traits: live off of other living things, usually multicellular.
Chapter 2 Vocab
Test date: Friday, May 28, 2010.
The Five Main Classes of Vertebrates
-fish
-amphibians
-reptiles
-birds
-mammals
The Five Kingdoms of Organisms
-Fungi
-Animalia
-Monera
-Protista
-Plantae
classification system - a scientific system used to sort and group organisms.
unicellular - consisting of one single cell.
multicellular - consisting of more than one cell.
cell membrane - a thin covering around an entire cell that acts as a gatekeeper by controlling which materials move into and out of the cell.
nucleus - the 'brain' of a cell, controlling its growth and movement.
chloroplasts - the part of the plant cell that holds the chlorophyll.
chlorophyll - a chemical produced inside of a plant that makes the plant green.
vertebrates - organisms that have a spine. (e.g) cows, dogs, humans, fish.
invertebrates - organisms that do not have a spine. (e.g.) jellyfish, worms.
micro-organisms - organisms that can only be seen under a microscope.
kingdoms - the five categories of living things.
species - organisms capable of breeding together and having fertile offspring.
Thursday, May 6, 2010
Space Exploration
thrust - an upward force
Canadarm - a robotic manipulator arm developed by the Canadian Space Agency, along with the Canadarm 2, that is controlled by astronauts inside the space shuttle to move and repair objects in space.
ISS - acronym for International Space Station.
life-support systems - a system that helps astronauts to survive in space. (e.g.) allowing them to breathe in space.
spinoff - an everyday use of technology that came off of another part of technology or project, e.g. space exploration.
satellite - an object in space that revolves around Earth.
RADARSAT - a satellite used by scientists to take pictures of the Earth to study it.
It is crucial for astronauts to exercise because with lack of gravity in Outer Space, muscles become weaker and expand. Medical experiments are conducted in space because without lack of gravity, substances mix together easier, and crystals are grown faster and better.
Exploration Spinoffs. Some examples of space exploration spinoffs are barcodes, scanning equipment, and cell phones. For example, we are now able to use cell phones because they require satellites. Without space exploration, satellites would never have been invented and mobile phones would not be used today.
Extreme Environments
An extreme environment is an environment where an organism that can't or can with difficulty survive. The five known extreme environments are: polar regions, deserts, oceans, volcanoes and outer space.
Polar Regions
-in order to survive in polar regions, humans use insulation, a material that traps heat from going out into the environment in order to survive as well as snow houses or igloos, snow sleds, snow shoes, parkas, and oil lamps. These were all invented by the Inuit or formerly known as Eskimo people.
- it is a challenge to survive in polar regions because of the extreme temperatures.
Deserts
-deserts aren't necessarily hot; a desert is a place with extreme temperatures.
-it is a challenge to survive in deserts because of the extreme temperatures.
Oceans
-humans have developed technology that can be used underwater to explore oceans, such as RADAR, Radio Detection and Ranging, SONAR, SOund Navigation And Ranging, and SCUBA, an acronym for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.
-it is a challenge to survive underwater because of the lack of air and because of the water pressure increasing the farther down you go.
buoyancy - the ability to float.
water pressure - the application on force by water that increases by depth.
Volcanoes
-volcanoes are a danger to humans because of their being unpredictable, and their extreme temperatures.
Outer Space
-it is a challenge to explore and survive in Outer Space because of extreme temperatures, and lack of air.
People explore extreme environments in the hopes of finding new places to live, understanding human's past, discovering new species, finding new resources, and to understand and protect our world.
Canada has contributed to space exploration by inventing the Newt Suit, which enable divers to move more agilely under water, and the Deep Worker, a submersible vehicle that can take pictures and samples of the ocean.
Electricity Flowing in a Circuit
Current Electricity - electricity that is produced by the flow of electrons along a circuit.
Electric Current - the flow of electrons in a current.
Circuit - where electrons flow through. Must contain: a source of electricity, like a battery, a pathway for electrons to flow through, like a wire and an electrical device such as a light bulb.
Direct Current - an electric current that flows in one direction only.
Voltage - the force batteries use to push electrons through a circuit.
Conductors - materials that let electricity flow through them easily.
Electrical Device - an appliance that changes electricity into heat, light, etc. For example, a light bulb or a toaster.
Closed Circuit - when a circuit is complete and can run through a full pathway.
Open Circuit - when a circuit is incomplete and cannot flow.
Series Circuit - a circuit that has only one pathway for the energy to flow.
Parallel Circuit - a circuit that has many ways for the energy to flow.
Parts of an Atom
Neutron - the part of the atom that carries no electric charge.
Proton - the part of the atom that carries a positive charge.
Electron - the part of the atom that carries a negative charge.
Ion - an atom that has lost one or more electrons, making it positively or negatively charged (cation), or has gained a few, making it negatively charged (anion).
Molecule - when atoms join together in order to exist, a molecule is formed.
Ionic bond - since atoms are only stable if they have a full set of electrons, they bond with others to form molecules and to stabilize themselves.
